Download >>> https://tinurli.com/282efh
Barragens 100 brasileiras pdf download The Barragens are the most important barrier in Brazil. They are mainly composed of sandstone. It is a natural protection against floods, river erosion, coastal expansion and flooding. For about thirty years now they have been used to provide municipal services for the inhabitants of the city, primarily as a source of drinking water, but also as a filter and distributor. The Barragens allow more than three million people to live and produce their basic needs within an area that encompasses less than 20 square kilometers (but more than 500 square meters). The Barragens of the State of São Paulo save more than 60 million cubic meters of water per year. They also contribute to the preservation and conservation of nature, integrating the river basin and preserving 70% of its original vegetation. The Barragens save more than 3.5 billion liters (1 million gallons) of drinking water per day. Their installed capacity is 1,088 MW (equivalent to 1,200 MW), which represents 22% of the energy consumed by the state. With an area close neither to mountains nor ocean, São Paulo was always vulnerable to seasonal floods in the Tietê river basin, in addition to being subject to constant danger caused by storms at sea during winter months in particular. The Tietê River, which is the main river in Sao Paulo, has its source in Minas Gerais and flows through the State of São Paulo until its confluence with the Tamanduateí River. Its basin covers more than 39,000 km², equivalent to 17.8% of the total area of the state. The first proposals made by engineer Maximiliano Wendt for systematizing projects to control floods date from 1892. The first Barragem was built only in 1947 on the boundary between São Paulo and Mogi das Cruzes, on a tributary of the river Tietê called Córrego Grande. The Barragens of Mogi das Cruzes were the first ones to connect through underground pipelines to the city of São Paulo, and they were executed between 1947 and 1954. The Barragens of Mogi das Cruzes played an important role in the defense of São Paulo during the 1963 flood (the year El Niño is said to be most abundant) with a level of water almost six times higher than that observed following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The system was designed by engineer Fred Wadelton, who later became president of Embratel. He directly succeeded engineer Wendt as general director of the project. Currently, there are three Barragens of the city. Other Barragens of the State of Sao Paulo can be found in Guaratinguetá, Itanhaém and Jundiaí. Barragem de Tietê - Conjunto Habitacional Airport1999 World Bank Report: "World Development Report 2000/2001: Water for Life", page 41. R. Tomassini et al., "Role of river banks in mitigating floods," in Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Riverbank Engineering in Europe, September 30 to November 3, 1998, Gothenburg Sweden, Rotebro University Press 1998 , p 8. cfa1e77820
Kommentare